requestId:6851862463f184.76585836.
Traditional Confucianism “Blood flows into a river”: Value common understanding and historical research
Author: Bai Lichao (Associate from the South East Major History Institute)
Source: Author Author Authorized Confucian Network, Original from “Literature, History and Philosophy” 2021 Issue 6</p Abstract: "Shangshu" records that Muye's war "blood flows into a river". Mencius set up a tyranny with doubts about the record of "Wucheng". The flags clearly expressed the Confucian anti-war stance. Students such as Wang Chong and Zhaoqi were constantly perfect in the basis of their rebellion. Xunzi reconstructed the scene of the Muye War and proposed the statement that King Wu of Zhou "without blood" and the Shang army "reverse". Later scholars have wonderfully combined the expressions of "without blood", "foreign disciples' turn against each other", and "blood flows into a river" on this basis, forming a complete logical link, which has affected it to this day. In traditional society, scholars from the ministry also confirmed the authenticity of the "blood flows into a river" record, and pointed out that war is an indispensable trick to destroy the abuse of politics. Modern scholars also opened up the true meaning of "blood flows into a river". When they saw the towels coming from the other party, they answered it and said thank you. Discussion. The review of the "blood flows into a river" has made us see that Confucians have realized the process of proof and upholding of their value through the description and emphasis of historical events, and the research and response to the historical reality of "blood flows into a river" is also the same as the different paths of Confucianism for contemplation and settlement in modern academics.
Keywords: Blood flows into a river; commentary; value common sense; historical discussion
The theory and reaction are two complete differences in political power replacement theory proposed by Confucianism on political changes. From the political transformation method of traditional society, “In ancient times, only two bureaus were allowed and conferred” [1]. From the Confucian political management theory, the Confucian narratives made by Shun are consistent with Confucian thoughts [2]; “The reaction of the martial arts is to the sky and to the people” [3] is also known by Confucians. It is easy to say that, but in the rebellion, the violent and bloody reasons that are filled with the extermination are often abandoned by Confucianism. According to the “Shang Shu·Wu Cheng”, the battle of Muye “blood flowed into a river”, it is obvious that the Confucian classic “Shang Shu” has difficulty in advancing the Confucianism’s reaction to Tangwu, and it is also very far from Confucian fantasy politics. Because of this, the Confucian scholars who advocated the “Tangwu Reaction” had to deal with this issue [4], which was also the constant reason for the “blood flows into a river” since Mencius.
Due to the influence of traditional remarks, the academic community has paid little attention to the historical “blood flows into a river”. In recent years, there have been research and discussions on the “blood flows into a river”, “turning against the enemy”, and “not bloody sword” in the Battle of Makino, which basically denies the “turning against the enemy” and the “turning against the enemy” held by traditional Confucians [5]. For example, Huang Xinxin wrote about the relevant records of “Yi Zhou Shu”, pointing out that the “killing of enemies” in Makino’s war is the actual reaction and appearance of the bloody battle. If all the soldiers are defeated and fought to the death, they will fight., to open King Wu, King Wu was afraid that he would not be so cruel and unkind and would “blood flow into a river””[6]. These discussions were fatal to the values uphold by traditional Confucianism, but these discussions did not attract the attention of modern Confucian scholars, nor did they respond. The scholars also had some insights into the commentary of the Confucian scholars of the Confucian scholars of the Confucian scholars, and finally they conclude their studies in commentary or excessive commentary [7], and did not fully determine the values discussed by Confucian scholars of the Confucian scholars. She stood up and walked down the stage . . The author believes that “blood flows into a river” is the main topic of Confucianism in the past, and needs to carefully sort out and remind them of their thinking and purpose; at the same time, combining the academic world with results to remind them of the historical background of “blood flows into a river” [8]; on this basis, determining the meaning of the confucianism in the past and the discussion of contemporary scholars can also make us more clearly understand the value of Confucianism and the future of the present. The author does not care about the rudeness and will discuss this problem, and please correct it by the Fang family.
1. Mencius’s suspicion of “blood flows into a river” and his remarks
As we all know, Mencius rejected the notion of “Blood flows into a river” in “Shangshu·Wucheng” with his doubts about writing. Mencius pointed out:
It is better to believe in “Books” than to have no “Books”. I have taken two or three strategies to “Wucheng”. Benevolent people have no enemies in the whole country, so benevolent and unkind, and how much blood flows into a pestle ? [9]
We don’t find that Mencius doubted the Book of Shang, but did not believe that the record of “Blood flows into a river” in Wucheng is not a result of the examination based on the logical reasoning of his tyranny and the basic standing against the war. In general, Mencius doubted that the record of “Blood flows into a river” is based on the following two aspects.
First, Mencius is based on tyrannySweetheart Garden Thinking about the reshaping and imagination of King Wu of Zhou. Mencius believed that “Yu Shun is nature, and Tang Wu is the opposite”[10], and he placed Tang Wu’s rebellion in his tyranny. Mencius “performs the politics of unbearable people with a heart that cannot bear others”[11], and went to tyranny from benevolence, “doing one thing is unruly, killing one innocent person and gaining the whole country, is not done”[12]. In Mencius’s thinking, the key reason for the negative struggle is whether the king can pursue tyranny and believes that “the kind and benevolent are incompetent.”[12]. In Mencius’s thinking, the key reason for the negative struggle is whether the king can pursue tyranny and believes that “the kind and benevolent are incompetent.”[12]. In Mencius’s thinking, the key reason for the negative struggle is whether the king can pursue tyranny and believes that “the kind and benevolent are incompetent.”[12]. In Mencius’s thinking, the key reason for the negative struggle is whether the king can pursue tyranny and believes that “the kind and benevolent are incompetent.” The real enemy whom the benevolent people faced in the war is only a violent enemy king. They are not enemies. The enemy will “food to eat” to welcome the benevolent men to save them from water and fire. It is precisely based on this kind of value judgment that Mencius believed in the battle of Muye , King Wu of Zhou “has benevolence as he is so unkind, and how can he flow into a bloody pestle”? The only enemy of Zhou people in this battle was “one man’s swearing” [14], and the “blood flows into a river” was completely different from Mencius’ expectations of the rebellion against Tangwu, so Mencius believed that this scene could not appear at its most basic level. Not only this way,Mencius also used tyranny thinking to reshape the abstraction of King Wu of Zhou, and used the reshape of King Wu of Zhou as the “historical basis” for his own tyranny. If when facing King Qixuan asking whether he could attack Yan, Mencius clearly pointed out:
Take it and Yan people are more worried, so take it. In ancient times, there were people who practiced it, and King Wu was the one who did it. If you take it, the swallows are not worried, so don’t take it. In ancient times, there were those who practiced it, and King Wen was the one who did it. Is there anything I can use the country of ten thousand cycling to fight against the country of ten thousand cycling to feed the king? To avoid water and fire. As water becomes deeper and as fire becomes hotter, it is also staggered. [15]
Secondly, combining the mid-term outlook of the war in which Mencius lived, Mencius was able to express his strong anti-war situation through doubts about his books. During his age, the war of war overtook the tribute and the collapse of the throne. Mencius once praised the war of war for “the war of incompetence” [16]. During the war, the war was more and more cruel, and the war was important to conquer cities and land and kill people. On the weapons equipment, crossbows, crossbows, ladders, and harnesses appeared. In the war, there were a few soldiers in the country, most of which were hundreds of thousands, and most of them were millions [17], especially the two countries, Qin and Chu, and they all had the scale of “carr
